Source: The Hindu
In an effort to promote Bangus, a remote tourist location close to the Line of Control in north Kashmir, as an ecotourism destination, the government of Jammu and Kashmir introduced a new set of regulations. Following unplanned and unregulated growth in the traditional tourist destinations of Pahalgam, Gulmarg, and Sonamarg, the decision was made.
Its main goal was to prevent the construction of large structures and hotels. The goal would be to establish the region as a destination for ecotourism. Basic recreational amenities, rain shelters, public amenities, signage, lighting, and visitor trash disposal facilities would be his main priorities. Bangus is located in north Kashmir, near the Line of Control. About 100 kilometers separate it from Srinagar.
Model Question:
Discuss the potential of ecotourism in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) and the challenges associated with its development. Suggest measures to promote sustainable ecotourism in the region. (250 words, 15 marks)
Model Answer
Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), with its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage, holds immense potential for ecotourism. The region offers pristine forests, national parks, lakes, and mountainous terrains, making it an ideal destination for nature-based and sustainable tourism. Ecotourism in J&K can contribute to economic development, environmental conservation, and local employment while ensuring the protection of fragile ecosystems.
Potential of Ecotourism in J&K
- Biodiversity Hotspots: J&K is home to Hemis National Park, Dachigam National Park, and Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve, housing rare species like the Kashmir stag (Hangul) and Snow Leopard.
- Scenic Landscapes: Destinations such as Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Sonmarg, and Gurez Valley provide opportunities for nature-based tourism, trekking, and wildlife safaris.
- Adventure and Cultural Tourism: Ecotourism can integrate Trekking in Ladakh, River Rafting in Lidder Valley, and Cultural Tourism in Sufi shrines and monasteries.
- Boost to Local Economy: Ecotourism can generate employment in homestays, handicrafts, organic farming, and eco-guiding, supporting local communities.
- Promotion of Sustainable Development: Encouraging eco-friendly lodges, organic food, and responsible tourism can protect the environment while benefiting locals.
Challenges in Developing Ecotourism
- Ecological Fragility: J&K’s Himalayan terrain is prone to landslides, deforestation, and climate change impacts, making uncontrolled tourism a risk.
- Security Concerns: Political instability and cross-border tensions affect tourist inflows and investments in sustainable tourism infrastructure.
- Inadequate Infrastructure: Poor road connectivity, limited eco-lodges, and waste management issues hinder ecotourism growth.
- Unregulated Tourism Practices: Mass tourism in areas like Gulmarg and Dal Lake has led to pollution, overcrowding, and habitat destruction.
- Lack of Awareness: Tourists and locals may lack knowledge on sustainable tourism practices, leading to environmental degradation.
Measures to Promote Sustainable Ecotourism
- Eco-friendly Infrastructure: Developing sustainable lodges, waste management systems, and solar-powered facilities in ecotourism zones.
- Community-Based Tourism: Encouraging local homestays, organic farming, and traditional handicrafts to ensure community participation and benefit-sharing.
- Strict Environmental Regulations: Enforcing carrying capacity limits, banning single-use plastics, and promoting afforestation programs.
- Capacity Building & Awareness: Training local youth as eco-guides and educating tourists on responsible tourism.
- Policy Support & Investments: The government should formulate a J&K Ecotourism Policy, providing incentives for sustainable tourism projects.
Ecotourism in J&K can serve as a sustainable development tool by balancing economic growth, environmental conservation, and cultural preservation. With proper planning, community involvement, and eco-friendly policies, J&K can emerge as a model ecotourism destination in India.
