Context: Aditya-L1 mission: scientists observe a flareless coronal mass ejection

Source: The Hindu

Using the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph instrument on board the Aditya-L1 mission, researchers from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics have reported seeing a flareless coronal mass ejection from the solar atmosphere.

India’s first scientific mission devoted to researching the sun is the Aditya-L1 mission, and the IIA, based in Bengaluru, created the VELC payload.

Compared to other coronagraphs currently in orbit, it was feasible to study the corona not only closer to where its base is located in the solar atmosphere, but also to collect data at shorter time intervals.

Explosive phenomena in the sun include flares and CMEs. They result from the rearranging of magnetic field lines caused by magnetic reconnection. The heated plasma during a flare releases energy mostly in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Massive plasma and magnetic field eruptions, weighing roughly a trillion kilograms, are known as CMEs. They shoot forth from the sun at up to 3,000 kilometers per second through interplanetary space.

Model Question:

Discuss the objectives, significance, and challenges of the Aditya-L1 mission. How will this mission contribute to India’s space research and global scientific advancements?

Model Answer:

Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated solar observation mission, launched by ISRO on September 2, 2023. Positioned at Lagrange Point 1 (L1), approximately 1.5 million km from Earth, it will provide continuous solar observations without eclipses or occultations.

Objectives of Aditya-L1

1. Study the Solar Corona – Understand the dynamics of the Sun’s outermost layer and its impact on space weather.
2. Examine Solar Flares & CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) – Analyze how they affect Earth’s magnetosphere and satellites.
3. Observe Solar Wind & Magnetic Field – Help predict space weather events affecting satellites and power grids.
4. Study the Sun’s Photosphere & Chromosphere – Understand solar energy generation and radiation.
5. Investigate Particle Transport & Acceleration – Helps in space exploration and interplanetary missions.

Significance of the Mission

1. First Indian Solar Mission – Strengthens India’s position in solar research.
2. Space Weather Forecasting – Helps protect satellites, communication systems, and astronauts.
3. Scientific Advancements – Contributes to global understanding of solar activity and climate change.
4. Boosts India’s Space Diplomacy – Enhances global collaborations in astrophysics and Helio physics.

Challenges in Aditya-L1 Mission

1. High Radiation Environment – Requires advanced shielding for instruments.
2. Complex Orbital Insertion – Precise navigation needed for L1 positioning.
3. Long Mission Duration – Requires continuous power and data transmission.

Aditya-L1 is a milestone in India’s space research, paving the way for advanced heliophysics studies and strengthening India’s role in global scientific discoveries. Its success will provide critical insights into solar activity, benefiting both space missions and Earth-based technologies.