The term ‘Lokpal’ was first proposed in 1963 by L.M.Singhvi, who coined the word during a debate in Parliament. The concept gained momentum after several failed attempts and strong civil society pressure, particularly from the 2011 Anna Hazare-led anti-corruption movement. It culminated in the enactment of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas act, 2013.
It is a multi-member body consisting of 1 Chairperson and up to 8 Members. Members must be of impeccable integrity and have special knowledge and expertise in fields like law, public administration, finance etc. At least 50% of members of the Lokpal shall be from: SC/ST/OBC, Minorities and Women.
Powers and Jurisdiction:
It has jurisdiction over Prime Minister, Ministers and MPs, Central Government Employees, Officials of NGOs receiving significant public funds.
It has power to inquire into complaints of corruption, recommend investigations by CBI or other agencies, initiate prosecution, order confiscation of assets.
Selection Committee for Appointment includes Prime Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge nominated by him, An eminent jurist nominated by the President.
Challenges:
1.Delayed implementation despite the 2013 act
2.Dependence on other agencies like CBI and ED for investigation
3.Allegations of executive interference
4.Lack of suo moto powers to investigate without complaints
